1. A Moment That Defines Representation
I’ll never forget one meeting early in my career. I was preparing to present a project I had spent months working on. As the only Hispanic female physician-scientist there, I reminded myself I belonged. I had worked hard for this moment.
But an older, well-known advisor interrupted me as I began to speak. “Where are you from?” he asked, his tone more curious than kind. When I told him, he nodded faintly, still skeptical. Then he asked, “Who did you train with?” It wasn’t curiosity this time—it was doubt, as though my presence in the room required external validation. When I finally named my mentor—a globally renowned scientist, the shift in his demeanor was immediate. A slight nod, and some kind words about the time they worked together. Suddenly, it was as if I had been granted permission to proceed.
That experience taught me something painful: in these spaces, my expertise wasn’t enough. It needed a stamp of approval from someone he deemed credible. It was a moment that reminded me why representation matters—not just being in the room but being heard and respected once you’re there.
In Part 1 of this series, I explored the nuanced data on the representation of women in STEMM. While women are still struggling for visibility in fields like engineering, they’re thriving in fields like biology. The lesson? A one-dimensional look at representation never tells the full story.
In this second part, we dive into a second dimension: race and ethnicity. These factors shape not just opportunities but perceptions in STEMM. They reveal systemic barriers while underscoring the importance of identity in determining who succeeds.
We’ll uncover the data (using only six charts), celebrate progress, and explore why representation matters—not just for STEMM students today but also for the inclusive future we’re building.
2. Where Do We Stand? The Stark Numbers on Representation by race/ethnicity
When we look at the data over the last few decades, the decline in the percentage of STEM degrees conferred to White students is mirrored by the growth among Hispanic and Black students, showing a gradual diversification of STEM fields.
In just a decade, underrepresented minorities—Hispanics, Blacks, and American Indians or Alaska Natives—have made significant strides in STEM, growing from 18% of the workforce in 2011 to nearly a quarter (24%) by 2021.
Hispanics saw the largest leap among these groups, rising from 11% to 15% of STEM degrees conferred since 2012.
Despite the progress, both Black and Hispanic students remain underrepresented in comparison to their proportion of the overall U.S. population, particularly in comparison to White students.
Behind these numbers are countless stories of resilience: students defying stereotypes, families sacrificing to support education, and communities rallying to create opportunities. This progress is worth celebrating—but it’s also a reminder of the work still ahead to ensure these numbers reflect the true diversity of talent and potential in our world.
3. Layered Inequities: Gender + Race
The closing of the gender gap in many STEMM fields, including Health Professions is inspiring, as discussed in part one of this series.
However, we cannot ignore that in certain fields like medicine and engineering, the challenges of race and gender overlap, creating unique barriers. Black and Hispanic women are doubly underrepresented in many STEMM fields. Intersectionality shows us that no solution is one-size-fits-all. Addressing these layered inequities is crucial for ensuring equity.
4. Advanced Degrees: The Hardest Mountain to Climb
In several STEM fields, including health professions, minorities are making strides at the associate and bachelor’s levels, but the higher the degree, the steeper the drop-off in minority representation.
To turn these early career wins into lasting change, we must ensure success extends to advanced degrees and beyond. At the doctorate level, there is a severe underrepresentation of Latinos and all other minorities.
5. Celebrating Progress: Bright Spots in STEMM
Hispanic students are making strides in fields like biology and biomedical sciences, proving that with the right support, minorities can thrive in STEM. These bright minds are leading the charge at the associate’s and bachelor’s levels, outpacing all other racial and ethnic groups in some areas.
Hispanic and Black students are applying to STEMM programs in record numbers.
In the 2021-2022 academic year, Hispanic medical school applicants increased by 7.3%, and Black applicants by 9%.
Interestingly, there is an overrepresentation of U.S. nonresidents at the doctorate level. Among U.S. nonresident students, 58 percent of doctor’s degrees conferred were in a STEM field. Most of those degrees are in engineering, physical sciences and science technologies, "health professions and related programs". I’ll review these data in part 3 of this series.
6. The Power of Representation
Representation in STEMM isn’t just about numbers—it’s about creating a culture where everyone feels valued and included.
Why Racial and Ethnic Representation in STEMM Matters
Drives Innovation: Diverse teams bring unique perspectives, leading to more creative solutions and groundbreaking advancements.
Improves Outcomes: In healthcare, patients treated by professionals who share their cultural background experience better communication and results. Engineers from underrepresented groups may design more inclusive technologies.
Challenges Stereotypes: Each success story breaks down societal biases, inspiring the next generation to believe in their potential.
Boosts Global Competitiveness: Tapping into the full range of talent strengthens innovation and positions nations to solve global challenges effectively.
Ensures Equity: Addressing systemic barriers isn’t just beneficial—it’s the right thing to do, creating opportunities for all to thrive.
Builds Inclusive Solutions: Representation ensures that STEMM advancements serve everyone, leaving no community behind.
7. What’s Next: Your Role in Change
Representation in STEMM is not just an institutional issue—it’s a community effort. Each of us has a role to play in creating more inclusive and equitable spaces. Whether you are a student, professional, educator, or leader, your actions can make a difference.
1. Be a Mentor
Mentorship is one of the most powerful ways to support underrepresented individuals in STEMM. If you are a professional, offer your time and experience to guide students or early-career professionals in navigating the challenges of these fields. Even sharing your story or advice over coffee can inspire someone to keep pushing forward.
2. Advocate for Equity in Your Organization
Advocate for policies and initiatives that focus on diversity and inclusion. Whether it's supporting diverse hiring practices, promoting inclusive leadership, or securing funding for underrepresented students, your voice can inspire change. Confront biases and strive to cultivate environments where everyone feels appreciated.
3. Amplify Minority Voices
Representation begins with visibility. Share stories of success and resilience from underrepresented groups in STEMM. Highlight the achievements of your peers or mentees in your professional networks. By amplifying these voices, you contribute to breaking stereotypes and inspiring others.
4. Support Initiatives That Make a Difference
From scholarships to nonprofit organizations, there are many ways to invest in diversity. Consider donating to programs like MiMentor, which connects minority students with resources and mentors. Encourage your organization to sponsor diversity-focused STEMM initiatives.
5. Educate Yourself and Others
Understanding the barriers faced by racial and ethnic minorities in STEMM is a critical step in dismantling them. Learn about the systemic challenges and share your knowledge with colleagues, friends, or students. Awareness is the foundation of action.
6. Start Small, But Start Today
Sometimes change feels overwhelming, but even small actions add up. Recommend a book, send a message of encouragement, or introduce a student to someone in your network. Every effort contributes to a larger movement.
7. Reflect on Your Own Biases
Creating change begins with self-awareness. Reflect on how biases may shape your decisions and interactions. Commit to being intentional in your support for underrepresented individuals in STEMM.
Call to Action
What can you do today to make a difference?
Your actions matter whether it’s reaching out to a student, advocating for change, or sharing resources like this article. Together, we can build a future where the STEMM community reflects the diversity of our world and where everyone has the opportunity to thrive.
Let’s take this next step together—because the future of innovation depends on the inclusion of every voice.
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